Talk2NatureMammals / Captive social-context experiment
Who leaves matters to the wolves who stay
Source year 2013 · Note reviewed 2026-10-04
In two captive wolf packs, howling after separation was associated with social relationships. The measured cortisol difference did not explain howling frequency within the test condition.
What we reviewed · Selected evidence reviewed
Selected results, discussion and main methods via Europe PMC XML; supplementary procedures, data and statistical replication not reviewed.
Not yet independently reviewed by a scientific specialist.
What this does — and doesn’t — establish
Nine captive, human-raised wolves do not represent every wild pack. A null cortisol association does not establish absence of emotion or a decoded message.
What we can build on
Log social relationships and observation conditions; do not interpret call rate in isolation.
See the related tools and reading paths →
The next reading task
Review supplementary timing and analysis details; seek passive wild-population evidence. Do not recreate separation trials through the app.
Go to the sources
- Wolf howling and social relationships ↗
Mazzini et al. (2013). Selected results, discussion and main experimental procedures reviewed through the Europe PMC full-text mirror. Supplementary procedures and raw data not reviewed.
Original editorial note by Talk2Nature contributors. AI-assisted, source-grounded synthesis; not a peer review or an independent replication. Linked works retain their own rights.